Potassium hydroxide is white powder or flaky solid, with strong alkaline and corrosive. It is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Easy to absorb moisture in the air, it absorbs carbon dioxide and generates potassium carbonate. PH of 0.1mol/L solution is 13.5. Moderate toxicity, half lethal dose (rat, peroral) is 1230mg/kg.
| Molecular formula | KOH |
|---|---|
| Molecular weight | 56.11 |
| Relative density | 2.044g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 360~406℃ |
| Boiling point | 1320~1324℃ |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in diethyl ether |
| Vapor pressure | 1mmHg (719℃) |
| Flash point | 52°F |
| Appearance and properties | White powder or flaky solid |
| Refractive index | n20/D1.421 |
| Toxicity | Moderate toxicity |
| Features | With strong alkaline and corrosive |
| Hygroscopy | Easy to absorb moisture in the air, it absorbs carbon dioxide and generates potassium carbonate |
Chemical properties
With strong alkaline and corrosive. It absorbs carbon dioxide and generates potassium carbonate. PH of 0.1mol/L solution is 13.5. Moderate toxicity, half lethal dose (rat, peroral) is 1230mg/kg.
It is properties as follows:
1. Alkaline reaction
2. Reaction with acids
Such as reaction with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
KOH+HCl=KCl+H2O
2KOH+H2SO4=K2SO4+2H2O
KOH+HNO3=KNO3+H2O
3.Reaction with acidic oxides
Such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
2KOH+CO2=K2CO3+H2O
2KOH+SO2=K2SO3+H2O
4.Reaction with amphoteric metals
Such as aluminium.
2Al+2KOH+2H2O=2KAlO2+3H2↑
5. Reaction with amphoteric oxides
Such as aluminium oxide.
Al2O3+2KOH=2KAlO2+H2O
6.Reaction with amphoteric hydroxide
Such as aluminium hydroxide
Al(OH)3+KOH=KAlO2+2H2O
7. Reaction wiht transitional element saline solution
CuSO4+2KOH=Cu(OH)2↓+K2SO4
FeCl3+3KOH=Fe(OH)3↓+3KCl
8. Related chemical reactions
2KOH+CuCl2=Cu(OH2)↓+2KCl
CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2+K2CO3=2KOH+CaCO3↓
6KOH(s)+4O3(g)=4KO3 (orange)+2(KOH·H2O)+O2↑
4KOH(s)+4O3=4KO3+2H2O+O2↑
6KOH+3S=△=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O
2KOH+SO2=K2SO3+H2O
KOH+CO2=KHCO3
2KOH+H2S=K2S+2H2O
3KOH+C6H6Cl6=C6H3Cl3+3KCl+3H2O
1. As dryer and absorbent. For the production of oxalic acid and a variety of potassium salts. It cans also be used for electroplating, sculpture, lithography, etc. [3]
2. As raw material for production potassium salts such as potassium permanganate and potassium carbonate. In pharmaceutical industry, it can be used in producing potassium borohydride, spironolactone, batyl alcohol, propinate testosterone, and etc. In light industry, it can be used in producing potassium soap, alkaline battery, cosmetics, and etc. Moreover, it can also be used in dyeing, textile, metallurgy, and other fields.
3. Basic chemical raw material for medicine,daily-use chemical industry, and so on.
4. As analytical reagent, saponification reagent and absorbent of carbon dioxide and water.
5. In daily chemical industry, it can be used in producing soap, shampoo soap, face cream, cold cream, shampoo, and other products. In pharmaceutical industry, this product functions as raw material for producing progesterone and vanillin. Moreover, it can be used in producing melamine dyestuff in dyeing industry and in producing alkaline battery in battery industry.
Packing: 4L, 25L, 1000L
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